National security is related to the construction of people's livelihoods and the stability of political power, and ensuring its development is of great significance to our country. Russia attached great importance to the development of heavy armored vehicles before World War II. With the increasingly serious threat of anti armor, the protective armor of combat vehicles is also increasing and becoming thicker. In the past 20 years, in order to improve the safety of combat vehicles, the quality of ground armored vehicles has increased by 15% to 20%. If this trend continues, the increase in the mass of armored vehicles will seriously affect their transportation capacity, the ability to cross lightweight bridges, and mobility. In the future, high-tech local wars require ground firepower to be more rapid, mobile, and flexible. Especially the requirement for rapid deployment of equipment to various parts of the world.
To further achieve modernization of weapons and equipment, equipment materials are accelerating development, upgrading, and upgrading, and weapons and equipment are also moving towards greater power, lighter weight, higher reliability, and longer lifespan. Therefore, under the premise of ensuring the safety of combat vehicles, the research on lightweight and protective technology of combat vehicle armor is of paramount importance for the development of weapons and equipment in various countries. Titanium, as one of the important rare metal materials, is widely used in various fields such as metallurgy, petrochemicals, medical devices, etc. Titanium metal and titanium alloy have become indispensable and crucial materials in the fields of aerospace and weapons due to their low density, high specific strength, and strong corrosion resistance.
Currently, countries such as Japan, the United States, China, and Russia are vigorously developing research on the application of titanium and titanium alloys in armor protection. Titanium alloy has high structural load-bearing capacity and good ballistic resistance, making it the best armor protection material in terms of performance. Shift the technical indicators of material resistance to dynamic mechanical properties and focus on the adiabatic shear phenomenon of materials. Adiabatic shearing band (ASB) phenomenon is commonly present in dynamic deformation processes such as penetration through targets, explosion fragments, high-speed stamping and forming, and cutting of materials such as metals, metallic glasses, and engineering plastics. Titanium and titanium alloy materials are more prone to adiabatic shear phenomena in high strain rate plastic deformation mechanisms due to their poor thermal conductivity and insufficient slip system. One of the technological breakthroughs in the application of titanium alloys in the field of weapons is to reduce the adiabatic shear sensitivity of the material, thereby improving its protective ability.
At present, foreign armored vehicle protective plates have begun to use high-strength titanium alloys with excellent corrosion resistance as steel substitute materials. Not only can they reduce weight, but they also have excellent mechanical properties and extremely strong resistance to seawater and salt spray corrosion. The United States has successfully used TC4 titanium alloy for armor plates, which can reduce armor weight by 30% to 40% and achieve good results by replacing some steel. The American M1A2 Abrams main battle tank has replaced steel components with titanium alloy parts in the engine hood, weapon countermeasure cover, turret pivot frame, and access hatch, reducing its weight by 475kg.
At present, there is a growing trend in the application research of titanium alloys in tanks, infantry fighting vehicles, and amphibious assault vehicles in the United States. The "fragment" composite armor used in the turret of Russia's T-90A main battle tank is composed of a titanium alloy frame and a "bowl shaped" bottomless metal, with a frontal resistance capability equivalent to 1300mm thick armor steel plates; The front of the T-95 tank turret is equipped with high-strength and tough all titanium alloy modular armor, which enables the resistance to reach or exceed the resistance of 1500mm thick armored steel plates.
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