Low density/high specific strength, excellent corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility property of titanium make it a necessary core structure and functional material in the area of high-end manufacturing. Based on the American ASTM industry standard, the classification of titanium and titanium alloys is divided into pure titanium and titanium alloys, which are further classified into three phenotypes according to crystal phase types, namely α-type, α+β-type, and β-type.Currently, there are over 30 globally recognized ASTM standard grades, covering more than 95% of industrial application scenarios. The composition and mechanical performance parameters of each material are precisely defined, serving as the core basis for industrial material selection.
Classification System of Titanium Materials Under ASTM Standards
Industrial Pure Titanium (Grade 1-4, Single-phase α Type)
Titanium Alloy Materials
ASTM Standard Titanium Alloy Grade Performance Parameters Table
ASTM Grade Performance Reference
| ASTM Grade | Material Type | Nominal Composition | Min Tensile Strength (MPa) | Core Characteristic |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Grade 1 | CP α Ti | Ti≥99.5, O≤0.18% | 240 | Highest ductility, deep drawable |
| Grade 2 | CP α Ti | Ti≥99.2, O≤0.25% | 345 | Industry universal balanced grade |
| Grade 4 | CP α Ti | Ti≥98.8, O≤0.40% | 550 | Highest strength pure titanium |
| Grade 7 | Pd-modified CP Ti | Ti-0.2Pd | 345 | Superior resistance to reducing acids |
| Grade 5 | α+β Alloy | Ti-6Al-4V | 895 | Versatile high-strength structural alloy |
| Grade 23 | ELI α+β Alloy | Ti-6Al-4V (low O/H) | 860 | Medical implant biocompatible grade |
| Grade 9 | α+β Alloy | Ti-3Al-2.5V | 620 | Excellent cold forming & weldability |
Data complies with ASTM B348 bar material standard, annealed state at room temperature
Note: The data adhere to the ASTM B348 rod standard and are considered as being in the room-temperature annealed condition.
Industrial applications of different grades of titanium
Grade 2 is the most widely used industrial pure titanium grade, owing to its excellent resistance to chloride corrosion. It is widely used in chemical heat exchangers, pipelines for seawater desalination and marine condensing equipment, its service life up to 20 years, much more than stainless steel. Grade 1 pure titanium has excellent ductility which makes it possible to fabricate thin-walled parts such as architectural curtain walls and medical flexible catheters. Pure titanium modified with palladium rated 7 is resistant to the corrosion of very strong acids and it can be used in special applications such as hydrochloric acids reactors and electroplating anodes. Pure titanium grade 4 is mainly used for the interior lining of pressure vessels that are not subjected to high stresses.
The near-alpha type 12 titanium alloy resists corrosion in saline-alkali and sulfur-containing media, making it suitable for downhole oil production pipes in oil fields. The beta type 19 titanium alloy, after age hardening, achieves a tensile strength exceeding 1,200 MPa, and is primarily used for high-load connecting components in aviation and high-performance vehicle suspension parts.
3, Industry Application Summary
Industrial material selection follows the principle of adapting to working conditions: industrial pure titanium is preferred for corrosive working conditions, No. 5 titanium alloy is selected for lightweight and high-strength structures, and No. 23 medical titanium alloy is exclusively used for human implantation scenarios. The titanium industry is steadily developing, with aerospace and high-end medical applications being the core application areas of high value-added titanium materials. Precise control of gap elements is the key technology to ensure the mechanical properties and service stability of titanium materials.
Chenxin Titanium Industry is a titanium material early-stage application solution provider who specializes in the complexity research and development, production and processing of titanium materials for more than 20 years. Our products include ultrafine titanium wire, structural titanium wire, titanium flat wire, welding wire, medical titanium rods and small diameter titanium rods, titanium foil and titanium coil, pure titanium pipe and so on. The company is equipped with advanced production facilities and a comprehensive quality control system which takes charge of the entire process from raw material procurement to the testing of the finished product to guarantee that each product complies with industry and medical standards. We have the ability to deliver not only high-quality, high-precision titanium products but also professional, customized processing solutions, fulfilling a broad range of industry, medical and scientific research application demands of our customers. To get Jingcheng Titanium Industry is the same as to get the trustworthy titanium material supply partner.
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